Belt conveyors are a large category of stationary or mobile lifting and transportation equipment. It plays an indispensable role in the production process of various modern industrial and mining enterprises. It can transport finished items or bulk materials to various places where there is demand in accordance with the established process requirements in industrial production and cooperate with the entire production process.

The belt conveyor has the following advantages: 1. It can transport materials in the same direction without stopping, loading without stopping, and can be conveyed at high speed, so it has high productivity; 2. The running speed is stable and during transportation. The supply is uniform, so the power consumed by it in the working process does not change much; 3. During the transportation process, the difference between its larger load and the average load is generally small.

But at the same time, in the process of use, especially in its key components such as rollers, rollers, and conveyor belts, there are often wear and tear of the roller cover; the roller skin is worn through and the rotation is stuck; the conveyor belt is longitudinal A series of failures such as tearing and deviation. As far as the production of coal mines is concerned, once equipment failure occurs, it will cause direct economic losses in the least, and casualties in the worst.

With the in-depth changes of the industrial revolution, the equipment manufacturing industry has experienced a great leap and development that has never been seen in history. At the same time, the manufacturing process and product quality of belt conveyors are also undergoing its historical evolution. First of all, due to the increasing world steel production and the continuous development and improvement of steel smelting technology, the performance of steel has been fully guaranteed. Secondly, in the gradual production of new technologies, new materials, and new processes, some key parts of the equipment will be improved and new, so the life span has been greatly extended. Coupled with the continuous in-depth study of computer technology and modern design theory and methods, through the use of these technologies and methods obtained, the product has been greatly improved in many aspects such as economy, functionality, and performance.

The belt conveyor has excellent performance, it can realize continuous transportation under the condition of continuous loading, so its production efficiency is higher than other mechanical equipment. It can transport ore, coal, powdered materials and packaged goods to the established destination. It produces less noise in the working process, and the structure is relatively simple. Therefore, belt conveyors have been widely used in the orderly production of enterprises. Not only that, the belt conveyor can be used for horizontal transportation, but also for inclined transportation (the allowable larger inclination angles are different for inclined upward and downward transportation). At the same time, the key components of the belt conveyor have made considerable progress in terms of material and structure.

(1) Roller

From the analysis of the development process of the drum a few years ago, its design is basically done by using empirical methods or approximation methods, and some of these design methods are still in use today. The material of the early traditional conveyor rollers is basically cast iron, cast with single or multiple rows of spokes or spokes, and the integral wheels are assembled on the central through shaft, and the two side shafts of the cylinder are equipped with pad bearings. On the roller structure, a keyhole wheel is assembled by a pressing device, and the web is welded on the wheel and the shell. Generally, the calculation of the roller is only based on the bending and torsion strength of the shaft. Once the size of the shaft is determined, the size of the wheel that is connected to the spokes is determined. In recent years, as new requirements have been continuously raised during use, there have been new changes in the diameter and width of the roller, from the initial diameter of 200mm to the more commonly used diameters of 2200mm, 2400mm, etc., in its length The above is also gradually increasing with the increase of transportation volume. In terms of steel properties, processing quality and process performance, there have been great changes compared to the previous ones, to meet the market demand.

(2) Roller

The roller is the main key component of the belt conveyor. It is widely used, large in quantity and high in cost. Usually on a conveyor, the number is thousands, and its cost can account for almost 20%-30% of the whole machine, so the importance of the roller to the belt conveyor is self-evident. During the operation of the belt conveyor, the supporting rollers play the dual role of carrying and conveying. The original tape support is a simple wooden carriage bracket. As the length increases, wooden rollers or Metal rollers help reduce the friction of the tape, while the sliding seat still bears the main load. The original bearing was of ordinary bearing type, and later improved to the inner and outer seal form with grease lubrication to increase its function and life. The commonly used bearings are ball bearings or roller bearings. In the course of its development, although the carrying capacity and life of the roller have been greatly improved, there is still a lot of room for improvement in its current performance. Compared with the production of idlers, my country still needs improvement in the following three aspects in this industry: service life (my country's current standard requires no less than 20,000h, while the United Kingdom requires at least 26,000h); operating resistance coefficient (currently this item in my country The parameters are all greater than 0.035 and less than 0.022; the weight of the roller (take X108x380) as an example, the weight of this type of roller in my country is generally 7.3kg, but at the level of 5.9kg).

(3) Conveyor belt

The conveyor belt of the belt conveyor is an important part of the whole machine, and its cost accounts for about 1/2 of the total cost of the conveyor. With the development of belt conveyors, long distance is its current development direction. From the initial conveying distance of belt conveyors only a few meters, to the later tens of meters, hundreds of meters, 15.6km horizontal turning off-road The operation of the belt conveyor has played an immeasurable role in the development of the conveyor belt. In the course of operation, the load on the conveyor belt is complicated. In addition to longitudinal tensile stress, it is also subjected to bending stress through rollers and idlers. Under normal circumstances, the failure mode of the conveyor belt is the wear of the working surface and the edge, the piercing of the belt and the longitudinal tear caused by the falling of the parts of the feeding and retaining equipment, and the recovery of the anchor rod. In the belt conveyor transportation of coal mines, the commonly used conveyor belt types range from cotton and rayon to canvas, nylon, and steel-core poly-cool belts. The strength also ranges from the original 560N/mm to the current one. Up to 6000N/mm. As its technology improves, its performance is gradually improved.